Ten years of the United Nations in Afghanistan: a closer look at recent history and a glompse into what lies ahea

Dez Anos da ONU no Afeganistão: Um Olhar Próximo sobre a História Recente e um Vislumbre sobre o Futuro A missão da ONU no Afeganistão sofreu várias transformações desde o seu estabelecimento em 2001, aquando da Conferência de Bona. Ao longo da última década o Afeganistão tem enfrentado um conjunto complexo de desafios nas áreas de segurança, desenvolvimento e governação. A United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) e outras agências da ONU em serviço no país têm enfrentado o desafio de constantemente se adaptarem à evolução das condições no terreno, e que é espelhado nas sucessivas renovações anuais dos mandatos através das Resoluções do Conselho de Segurança. Com o processo de transição em curso, o papel da comunidade internacional no apoio ao Afeganistão sofrerá modificações substanciais no sentido de mais e maiores inputs internacionais no âmbito da componente civil. Sem dúvida, no actual processo de transferência de autoridade para os afegãos, a ONU tem e terá (bem para além de 2014) uma acção primordial. Ainda que a missão das Nações Unidas no Afeganistão seja uma das mais importantes, recentemente deu‑se início a um debate entre a liderança Afegã e os doadores internacionais sobre o modelo de envolvimento, o papel e a estrutura da ONU durante e após o período de transição. Neste contexto, quaisquer projecções sobre o papel futuro da organização no Afeganistão devem ter em linha de conta três questões estruturais: a sua adequação aos objectivos de médio e longo prazo do país; em coordenação com o governo Afegão, o estabelecimento de um calendário claro e orientado para a consecução de objectivos relativos à transferência de responsabilidade na condução de actividades de apoio ao desenvolvimento; e o aperfeiçoamento da gestão através da racionalização das operações da organização por intermédio da aplicação do princípio de “One UN”

Does FDI intensify Economic Growth? Empirics from Bangladesh.

Inward FDI to the middle-income countries has the evidence as a major stimulus to the economic growth; conventionally at export-oriented manufacturing sector. In point of fact, basic macro fundamentals like as growth of gross domestic capital formation, foreign reserve, infrastructure etc. accelerates the FDI inflows. This study reviews the long-run trend on the time scale of FDI to Bangladesh over the period 1975- 2006 and major factors determining foreign companies' decisions to invest, in associated with economic growth. Contents of the paper describe the theoretical development and extensive literature review to find out the appropriate variables to deter the foreign direct investment from time series data. On the basis of intricate link between foreign direct investment and growth, all explained determinants enhance the facilitation, turnover, and return in FDI concentrated sectors that promote long-term sustainable growth with specific shortcomings, directly or indirectly, in our labor-intensive economic activity. Reduced government’s ineffectiveness along with supporting policy framework makes Bangladesh as an attractive destination of FDI, that has a positive spillover and significant impacts affect over time through dynamic effects on economic growth

Does FDI intensify Economic Growth? Empirics from Bangladesh.

Inward FDI to the middle-income countries has the evidence as a major stimulus to the economic growth; conventionally at export-oriented manufacturing sector. In point of fact, basic macro fundamentals like as growth of gross domestic capital formation, foreign reserve, infrastructure etc. accelerates the FDI inflows. This study reviews the long-run trend on the time scale of FDI to Bangladesh over the period 1975- 2006 and major factors determining foreign companies' decisions to invest, in associated with economic growth. Contents of the paper describe the theoretical development and extensive literature review to find out the appropriate variables to deter the foreign direct investment from time series data. On the basis of intricate link between foreign direct investment and growth, all explained determinants enhance the facilitation, turnover, and return in FDI concentrated sectors that promote long-term sustainable growth with specific shortcomings, directly or indirectly, in our labor-intensive economic activity. Reduced government’s ineffectiveness along with supporting policy framework makes Bangladesh as an attractive destination of FDI, that has a positive spillover and significant impacts affect over time through dynamic effects on economic growth

Does FDI intensify Economic Growth? Empirics from Bangladesh.

Inward FDI to the middle-income countries has the evidence as a major stimulus to the economic growth; conventionally at export-oriented manufacturing sector. In point of fact, basic macro fundamentals like as growth of gross domestic capital formation, foreign reserve, infrastructure etc. accelerates the FDI inflows. This study reviews the long-run trend on the time scale of FDI to Bangladesh over the period 1975- 2006 and major factors determining foreign companies' decisions to invest, in associated with economic growth. Contents of the paper describe the theoretical development and extensive literature review to find out the appropriate variables to deter the foreign direct investment from time series data. On the basis of intricate link between foreign direct investment and growth, all explained determinants enhance the facilitation, turnover, and return in FDI concentrated sectors that promote long-term sustainable growth with specific shortcomings, directly or indirectly, in our labor-intensive economic activity. Reduced government’s ineffectiveness along with supporting policy framework makes Bangladesh as an attractive destination of FDI, that has a positive spillover and significant impacts affect over time through dynamic effects on economic growth

The Communist regime in Afghanistan 1978-1992: institutions and conflicts.

Analyzes the communist regime in Afghanistan from 1978 to 1992. Historical background on the authoritarian rule in the country; Revolutionary conflicts; Patterns of policy making

Does FDI intensify Economic Growth? Empirics from Bangladesh.

Inward FDI to the middle-income countries has the evidence as a major stimulus to the economic growth; conventionally at export-oriented manufacturing sector. In point of fact, basic macro fundamentals like as growth of gross domestic capital formation, foreign reserve, infrastructure etc. accelerates the FDI inflows. This study reviews the long-run trend on the time scale of FDI to Bangladesh over the period 1975- 2006 and major factors determining foreign companies' decisions to invest, in associated with economic growth. Contents of the paper describe the theoretical development and extensive literature review to find out the appropriate variables to deter the foreign direct investment from time series data. On the basis of intricate link between foreign direct investment and growth, all explained determinants enhance the facilitation, turnover, and return in FDI concentrated sectors that promote long-term sustainable growth with specific shortcomings, directly or indirectly, in our labor-intensive economic activity. Reduced government’s ineffectiveness along with supporting policy framework makes Bangladesh as an attractive destination of FDI, that has a positive spillover and significant impacts affect over time through dynamic effects on economic growth.FDI, Economic Growth, Bangladesh

State, Security, and Economy in Afghanistan: Current Challenges, Possible Solutions

The analyses in this report recognize that although Afghanistan has made substantial progress since 2001 ¿ especially in building a functioning parliament, increasing health services, and education ¿ critical issues remain. Democratic political institutions from the national to the local level remain underdeveloped, local perceptions of insecurity have increased substantially, an insurgency is mounting, suicide attacks are increasing, narcotics production has skyrocketed in some provinces, infrastructure and human capital development have been slow, the international community lacks a clear and common vision for Afghanistan, and a balance has yet to be found between international involvement and Afghan ownership in the country¿s ongoing state- and security-building efforts. At the time of publication, Afghanistan stood at a critical juncture. This report addresses key issues related to security, development, economy, governance, rule of law, and regional relations critical to preventing a deterioration of progress that had been made and to continue positive development in the long term.Carnegie Corporation of New Yor

Petersberg Papers on Afghanistan and the Region

Since the 2001 Bonn Conference and the subsequent extensive international engagement in Afghanistan ¿ both military and civilian ¿much has changed and much has been achieved. Afghans can point to significant successes in their country, from health and education, to reconstruction and development of infrastructure. But since Bonn, the situation in Afghanistan in 2008-2009 is far from where many expected it to be. The London Compact of 2006 began the second phase in the reconstruction of Afghanistan, emphasizing security, governance and rule of law, and social and economic development. But since then, there has been a considerable decrease in security, an increase in Taliban presence and operations, an increase in civilian casualties, an increase in corruption, and no substantial reduction of the drug trade. The August 2009 presidential elections only intensified the discussions about the future of Afghanistan, the role of the international community. created a foundation for modern Afghanistan. This report considers these issues from domestic, regional, and international perspectives.Carnegie Corporation of New Yor